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Cystometry
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| PowerLab may be used with suitable pressure transducers and drop counters for cystometric measurements in mice and rats.
Cystometry is a test of urodynamic function that investigates the ability of the bladder to hold or release urine and is commonly used to investigate the pharmacology and physiology of urinary incontinence and retention. A cystometrogram is a plot of bladder pressure versus bladder volume.
Cystometric studies involve surgical cannulation of the bladder with a small polyethylene catheter (PE-50 [1 mm O.D.] for rats; PE-10 [0.5 mm O.D] for mice). A T-piece is attached to the catheter, proximal to the bladder, and an infusion/syringe pump and pressure transducer are attached. Warmed (37°C) or body-temperature saline is infused into the bladder at a constant rate ie. 3 to 6 ml/hr for rats and 1 to 3 ml/hr for mice. The urine is collected using a diuresis cage that separates urine from particulates such as faeces. The urine passes through a funnel and the voided volume is measured with a drop counter, analytical balance or force transducer.
ADInstruments Products:
ADInstruments provide the following apparatus that may be used for cystometry applications. These instruments connect to the PowerLab data acquisition units for high-quality, easy-to-use data recording and analysis.
Transducers and Amplifiers These transducers connect to any ADInstruments Bridge Amps. Other brands and models of transducer can also be used with an appropriate amplifier and PowerLab data acquisition system.
Reflective Drop Counter - The Reflective Drop Counter uses an infra-red sensor to count drops passing through transmitted light. The size of the drop is calibrated by counting the number of drops into a graduated cylinder (Maximum count rate is 40 drops per second). It connects directly to a PowerLab with Pod Ports or to the Pod Expander for PowerLabs without Pod Ports. It has an aluminium rod (10 cm x 1.3 cm) that can be mounted on a retort stand (not supplied).
Additional Equipment
For further information on available third-party products to conduct cystometry studies, please contact your nearest ADInstruments representative.
Software
LabChart software provides a user-friendly interface for the display, recording and analysis of data collected during cystometry experiments. Up to 16 channels of data may be simultaneously recorded and the data may be analyzed online or offline using a variety of features available in the Data Pad.
The Drop Counter provides an analog output for each drop that has been counted. Therefore, the "Count" option in the Computed Input feature of LabChart for Mac or Cyclic Measurements in LabChart for Windows, can be used to provide an online summation of the total number of drops within a certain period. After calibration of the drop volume (using a measuring cylinder and the Units Conversion feature), an arithmetic calculation is available in LabChart to obtain the total void volume expelled.
GLP and 21 CFR Part 11
For those researchers working within a laboratory requiring GLP and 21 CFR Part 11 compliance the GLP Client and GLP Server are available for use with LabChart (Windows only) and PowerLab data acquisition systems. For more infromation, visit the Good Laboratory Practice application page or contact your nearest ADInstruments representative.
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| PowerLab (MacLab) citations: |
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| Increased connexin 43-mediated intercellular communication in a rat model of bladder overactivity in vivo. |
| G.J. Christ; N.S. Day; M. Day; W. Zhao; K. Persson; R.K. Pandita; K.E. Andersson; American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 284, R1241-R1248, 2003. |
| Using female rats, cystometric studies were conducted to investigate bladder function……. the indwelling bladder catheter was connected to a two-way valve that was, in turn, connected to a pressure transducer as well as an infusion pump. The pressure transducer was connected via a Transducer amplifier (ETH 400 CB Sciences) to a data-acquisition board (MacLab/8e, ADInstruments). Real-time display and recording of pressure measurements were performed on a Macintosh computer (Chart software V3.6, ADInstruments). The pressure transducers and A/D board were calibrated in centimeters of H2O before each experiment. |
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| Effects of long-chain fatty alcohol on peripheral nerve conduction and bladder function in diabetic rats. |
| T. Watanabe; I. Miyagawa; Life Sciences, 70, 2215-2224, 2002. |
| ……..Sprague-Dawley rats (290-310 gm.) …………each rat was placed in a metabolic cage containing a urine collection funnel and placed over an electronic balance (HF200, A.N.D., Tokyo, Japan) to measure micturition behavior………..Plastic 250 ml beakers were placed on the balance pans. The balances were connected to a personal computer (Macintosh PowerBook G3) via a multiport controller (Maclab/400, ADInstruments Pty, NSW, Australia) to monitor the cumulative weight of the collected urine. A cystometrogram was performed under urethane anesthesia (1.0 gm./kg. s.c.) ……The cystometrogram was done using a 24 G catheter inserted into the apex of the bladder dome for the purpose of recording pressure and filling the bladder with physiological saline. External bladder filling was carried out using an infusion pump (5200, TOP, Japan) at the constant rate of 0.4 ml/min until micturition was detected. The cystometry catheter was connected to an external pressure transducer (P2310, Gould, USA) for the measurement of intravesical pressure. Intravesical pressure was recorded by a personal computer (Macintosh PowerBook G3) via a bridge amplifier (ML112, ADInstruments Pty, NSW, Australia) and a multiport controller (Maclab/400, ADInstruments Pty, NSW, Australia)……..The following parameters were evaluated: volume threshold for eliciting micturition, bladder compliance, maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet, max), voided volume, and V%. Pdet, max was defined as the instantaneous pressure minus the post-contraction resting pressure. |
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The material on this page is provided in good faith and believed accurate at the time of writing. No responsibility will be taken, or liability accepted, for damages arising from the use of information herein. Readers are urged to check with respective manufacturers the accuracy of all product related information.
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